*=New to this Edition; Each chapter ends with Writing and Reasoning, Review Notes, Key Terms, Notes, For Further Reading, and Online Resources.; Preface; ; CHAPTER 1. WHY PHILOSOPHY ; 1.1 Philosophy: The Quest for Understanding ; The Good of Philosophy; Philosophical Terrain; Details: Your Philosophical Beliefs; Details: Main Divisions of Philosophy; 1.2 Socrates and the Examined Life ; Portrait: Plato; Then and Now: Socrates Cafe; 1.3 Thinking Philosophically; Reasons and Arguments; Details: Valid and Invalid Argument Forms; Reading Philosophy; Portrait: Hypatia; Fallacious Reasoning; CHAPTER 2. THE PRE-SOCRATICS AND THE SOPHISTS ; 2.1 Thales and Anaximander ; 2.2 Heraclitus ; Then and Now: The (Ancient) Theory of Evolution; Portrait: Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans; 2.3 Parmenides ; Details: Zeno’s Paradoxes; 2.4 Democritus; 2.5 Protagoras and the Sophists; Then and Now: Moral Relativism and Tolerance; Readings ; Aristotle: Metaphysics; Aristotle: On the Heavens; Heraclitus: Fragment; Parmenides: On Nature; Plato: Theaetetus; CHAPTER 3. SOCRATES: AN EXAMINED LIFE ; 3.1 The Philosophical Gadfly; 3.2 The Socratic Method ; Portrait: Early Women Philosophers: Themistoclea, Arignote, and Theano; 3.3 Knowledge and Ignorance ; Details: Socrates in the Clouds; 3.4 Socrates’ Trial and Death ; Details: Socrates’ Last Minutes; Then and Now: Your Examined/Unexamined Life; Readings ; Xenophon: Symposium; Plato: Symposium; * Plato: Euthyphro; Plato: The Republic; Plato: Apology; ; CHAPTER 4. PLATO: THE REALLY REAL ; 4.1 Plato’s Life and Times ; Portrait: Diotima of Mantinea; 4.2 Knowledge and Reality ; Believing and Knowing; Reason and the Forms; Details: Critiques of the Forms; Plato’s Rationalism; Then and Now: Modern Platonism; 4.3 Allegory of the Cave; 4.4 Immortality, Morality, and the Soul ; The Immortal Soul; The Three-Part Soul; The Moral Soul; Details: The Ring of Gyges; 4.5 The Individual and the State ; Readings; Plato: Meno; Plato: Phaedo; Plato: The Republic; G.M.A. Grube: Plato’s Thought; Julia Annas: An Introduction to Plato’s Republic; ; CHAPTER 5. ARISTOTLE: REASON AND NATURE ; 5.1 The Life of Aristotle ; Portrait: Aristotle and Alexander; 5.2 Logic, Knowledge, and Truth ; Then and Now: Aristotle and Modern Science; 5.3 Physics and Metaphysics ; Substance; Change; Cause; Purpose; Details: Aristotle’s God; 5.4 Happiness, Virtue, and the Good ; Details: Aristotle’s Soul; Readings ; J.L. Ackrill, Aristotle the Philosopher; Diogenes Laertius: Lives of the Philosophers; Anthony Gottlieb: The Dream of Reason: A History of Philosophy from the Greeks to the Renaissance; Aristotle: Metaphysics; Aristotle: Posterior Analytics; Aristotle: Physics; Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics; ; CHAPTER 6. EASTERN THOUGHT ; 6.1 Hinduism ; Beginnings; The Vedas; Then and Now: The Caste System; After the Vedas; Hindu Philosophies; Details: Hinduism and Modernity; 6.2 Buddhism ; Buddhist Complexities; The Buddha’s Teachings; Portrait: The Buddha; Then and Now: Buddhism and Science; Details: Buddhism and Violence; 6.3 Daoism ; 6.4 Confucianism ; Details: The Confucian Canon; Readings ; Kalama Sutra; Ajahn Sumedho; Dhammacakapparattana Sutta; Walpola Rahula: What the Buddha Thought; The Chuang Tzu; Tao-te Ching; Analects; John B. Noss: A History of the World’s Religions; ; CHAPTER 7. THE HELLENISTIC ERA; 7.1 Epicurus; 7.2 Epictetus; Portrait: Lucretius; 7.3 Sextus Empiricus ; Then and Now: Stoicism Today; Details: The Self-Destruction of Skepticism; Readings ; Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus; A.A. Long: Hellenistic Philosophers: Stoics, Epicureans, and Sceptics; Epictetus: Encheiridion; * Donald Robertson: Stoicism and the Art of Happiness; Sextus Empiricus: Outlines of Pyrrhonism; CHAPTER 8. THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD ; 8.1 Between Ancient and Modern; 8.2 Augustine; Truth; The Hierarchy of Being; Good and Evil; 8.3 Anselm and Aquinas ; Anselm; Aquinas; Details: Science and the Uncaused Universe; 8.4 Avicenna and Maimonides ; Avicenna; Maimonides; Portrait: Averroes; 8.5 Hildegard of Bingen ; 8.6 William of Ockham ; Then and Now: Modern Realism about Universals; Readings ; Augustine: Confessions; Augustine: On Free Will; Anselm: Proslogium; Immanuel Kant: Critique of Pure Reason; Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologica; Hildegard: Causae et Curae; Frederick Copleston: A History of Philosophy, Volume II: Medieval Philosophy: From Augustine to Duns Scotus; 9. DESCARTES: DOUBT AND CERTAINTY ; 9.1 The Pursuit of Knowledge ; Then and Now: The Scientific (and Philosophical) Revolution; 9.2 Plato’s Rationalism ; Details: Innate Ideas; 9.3 Descartes’ Doubt ; Details: Living in the Matrix; 9.4 Descartes’ Certainty ; Portrait: Rene Descartes; Reading ; Rene Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy; CHAPTER 10. FROM HOBBES TO HUME; 10.1 Hobbes; 10.2 Locke ; Then and Now: The Defeat of Relativism; 10.3 Berkeley; 10.4 Hume; Portrait: David Hume; 10.5 Spinoza ; Details: Russell on Spinoza; 10.6 Leibniz ; Readings ; Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan; John Locke: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding; George Berkeley: Of the Principles of Human Knowledge; David Hume: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding; Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz: Discourse on Metaphysics; ; CHAPTER 11. KANT’S REVOLUTION ; 11.1 The Small-Town Genius; 11.2 The Knowledge Revolution; Portrait: Copernicus; Then and Now: Conceptualizing the World; 11.3 The Moral Law ; Ethics and Morality; Details: Moral Relativism; Kant’s Theory; Readings ; Immanuel Kant: Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics; Immanuel Kant: Critique of Pure Reason; Immanuel Kant: Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals; ; CHAPTER 12. JOHN STUART MILL AND UTILITARIANISM; 12.1 The Philosopher-Reformer; 12.2 Mill’s Utilitarianism; Portrait: Jeremy Bentham; Details: Utilitarianism and the Golden Rule; Then and Now: Utilitarianism and the Death Penalty; 12.3 Critiques of the Theory ; Details: Mill’s View of Personal Freedom; Readings; * Harriet Taylor: Champion of Liberty; John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism; ; CHAPTER 13. HEGEL AND MARX; 13.1 Hegel; Portrait: Hegel; 13.2 Marx ; Details: Einstein on Socialism; Then and Now: Is the United States a Socialist Country?; Readings ; Hegel: Lectures on the History of Philosophy; Marx: The Communist Manifesto; ; CHAPTER 14. EXISTENTIALISM; 14.1 The Existential Tone; 14.2 Kierkegaard; 14.3 Nietzsche; Details: Nietzsche: Myths and Rumors; Portrait: Schopenhauer; 14.4 Heidegger; 14.5 Sartre; Portrait: Sartre; Details: The Stir Caused by Sartre; 14.6 Camus ; Then and Now: Existentialism in Literature and Film; Readings ; Patrick Gardiner: Kierkegaard: A Very Short Introduction; Soren Kierkegaard: Either/Or; Soren Kierkegaard: The Point of View; Soren Kierkegaard: Journal; Soren Kierkegaard: Concluding Unscientific Postscript; Friedrich Nietzsche: Thus Spake Zarathustra; Friedrich Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil; Friedrich Nietzsche: The Gay Science; Martin Heidegger: The Basic Problems of Phenomenology; Thomas R. Flynn: Existentialism: A Very Short Introduction; Jean-Paul Sartre: Existentialism; Albert Camus: The Myth of Sisyphus; CHAPTER 15. THE PRAGMATISTS: PEIRCE AND JAMES; 15.1 The Pragmatist Way; 15.2 Peirce ; Details: Four Ways to Fix Belief; 15.3 James ; Portrait: William James; Then and Now: James and Indeterminism; Readings ; William James: Pragmatism; Charles Sanders Peirce: How to Make Our Ideas Clear; William James: The Will to Believe; Michael Martin: Atheism: A Philosophical Justification; ; CHAPTER 16. FEMINIST PHILOSOPHERS ; 16.1 Mary Wollstonecraft; Portrait: Wollstonecraft; 16.2 Simone de Beauvoir ; Then and Now: Innate Gender Differences?; 16.3 Feminist Ethics ; Details: Ethics Terminology; 16.4 Feminist Perspectives on Knowledge; Readings ; Alison Ainley: Feminist Philosophy; Louis M. Antony: Embodiment and Epistemology; Mary Wollstonecraft: A Vindication of the Rights of Women; Judith Thurman: Introduction to The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir; Simone de Beauvoir: The Second Sex; Alison Jaggar: Feminist Ethics; Jan Crosthwaite: Gender and Bioethics; Virginia Held: The Ethics of Care; Annette C. Baier: The Need for More Than Justice; Elizabeth Anderson: Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science; Eve Browning Cole: Philosophy and Feminist Criticism; 17. THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD ; * 17.1 Appiah: Cosmopolitanism; * 17.2 Nussbaum: Religious Tolerance; * 17.3 Blum: Racism; * 17.4 Martin Luther King, Jr.: Civil Rights; * 17.5 Chalmers: Consciousness and Zombies; * 17.6 Gardiner: Climate Change; * 17.7 Derrida and Cixous: Deconstruction ; Readings; Kwame Anthony Appiah: Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers; Martha Nussbaum: The New Religious Intolerance; * Lawrence Blum: I’m Not a Racist, But . . . ; Martin Luther King, Jr., in A Testament of Hope; Martin Luther King, Jr.: Nonviolence and Racial Justice; Martin Luther King, Jr.: Letter from a Birmingham Jail; * David Chalmer: The Conscious Mind; * Stephen Gardiner: A Perfect Moral Storm; Susan Sellers: The Helene Cixous Reader; CHAPTER 18. THE MEANING OF LIFE; 18.1 The Search for Meaning; 18.2 Pessimism: Life Has No Meaning; 18.3 Optimism: Life Can Have Meaning; Meaning from Above; Details: Is Religion Necessary for a Meaningful Life?; Meaning from Below; Details: What Can and Cannot Give Life Meaning; Readings ; Leo Tolstoy: My Confession; Arthur Schopenhauer: On the Sufferings of the World; Julian Baggini: What’s It All About?; Paul Edwards: The Encyclopedia of Philosophy; * Iddo Landau: Finding Meaning in an Imperfect World; ; APPENDIX A: How to Write a Philosophy Paper; APPENDIX B: Deductive and Inductive Arguments ; ; Glossary; Credits; Index of Marginal Quotations; General Index $ Living Philosophy is student-friendly, relevant, attractive, and visually rich. |s Mary Angelec Cooksey, Indiana University East $ https://global.oup.com/academic/product/9780190081515 $ $ $
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