图书简介
The Last Language on Earth is the story of Eskayan, a constructed language from the Philippines. Unlike better-known invented languages such as Esperanto or Klingon, Eskayan has now been transmitted from generation to generation within its community for over a century and has come to be regarded by its speakers as the true indigenous language of the island of Bohol. The book considers the form of language itself as a point of departure, and analyzes the historical circumstances and ideological motivations that brought it into being and which continue to sustain it today.
Maps; Acknowledgments; A Note on Terminology; Prologue ; Chapter One: Introduction; What this Book is About; What Pinay Understood About Language; A Language Forgotten, a Language Foretold; PART I: Locating the Eskaya; Chapter Two: Language, Literacy and Revolt in the Southern Philippines; Pre-contact Visayan Literacy; The ’Problem’ of Language Diversity in the Colonial and Early; Commonwealth periods (1593-1937); Shamanic Rebellion and Indigenous Outlaws in Bohol (1621-1829); Enter the Eskaya (1902-1937); Chapter Three: Contact and Controversy; First Contact; Media; Institutional Tribehood; A Formal Alliance and a Lost Report; Eskaya Responses and a New Research Agenda; PART II: Language, Letters, Literature; Chapter Four: How Eskayan is Used Today; Bohol in the Visayas; Language use in Bohol; A picture of the Fieldsite; The Spoken and Sung Somains of Eskayan; The Written Domains of Eskayan and Ideologies of Writing; Chapter Five: The Writing System; Writing Eskayan Sounds; Numbers; Script; The Past and Future of Eskayan writing; Chapter Six: Words and Their Origins; Eskayan Grammar; The Lexicon; Sources of Inspiration; Pinay’s Lexical Agenda; Chapter Seven: Eskaya Literature and Traditional Historiography; The Origins and Scope of Eskaya literature; Language History in Eskaya Literature: A Summary and Analysis; Discussion; PART III: Insurrection and Resurrection; Chapter Eight: From Pinay to Mariano Datahan (and Back Again); Datahan and the Origins of the Biabas Encampment; The Return of Militant Cults 1902-1922; Accommodation with the US Regime ca. 1914-1937; Datahan’s Final War and Posthumous legacy; Chapter Nine: Eskayan Revealed: A Scenario; The Rise of English in Bohol as a Catalyst for Eskayan; How Pinay’s Language was Revealed; Prophecy, Prolepsis and Time Depth; Summary; Chapter Ten: Conclusion: The First Language and the Last Word; Imagining Indigeneity from Above: The View from the Helicopter; The Form of Eskayan and the Identity of Pinay; Imagining Indigeneity from Below: The View from the Village; Regional Parallels; The (Re)invention of Linguistic Tradition; The Future of Eskayan; References; Glossary of Eskayan Terms Used in this Volume; Index $ $ $ https://global.oup.com/academic/product/9780197509920 $ $ $ $ JHM; CF; CFF; CFB; CFL; CFK $ Anthropology; linguistics; Historical
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