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Preface Acknowledgements About the Author 1.Fluid Flow Kinematics and Key Concepts Review of Key Concepts Problem 1.1: Streamline in a Three-Dimensional Steady Incompressible Flow Solution for Problem 1.1 Problem 1.2: Streamline in a Three-Dimensional Steady Flow with Variable Density Solution for Problem 1.2 Problem 1.3: Velocity Distribution from Measurements Solution for Problem 1.3 Problem 1.4: Local Convective Acceleration in a Conical Diffuser Solution for Problem 1.4 Problem 1.5: Convective Acceleration and Rotation Vectors in an Unsteady Three-Dimensional Flow Solution for Problem 1.5 Problem 1.6: Circulation in a Free Vortex, a Forced Vortex, and a Rankine Vortex Solution for Problem 1.6 Problem 1.7: Circulation around a Square Arbitrarily Located in a Forced Vortex Solution for Problem 1.7 Problem 1.8: Circulation around a Square Arbitrarily Located in a Free Vortex Solution for Problem 1.8 Problem 1.9: Incompressible Flow through a Manifold with Two Inlets and One Outlet Solution for Problem 1.9 References Bibliography Nomenclature Chapter 2.Control Volume Analysis Review of Key Concepts Problem 2.1: Maximum Water Level in a Tank with Inflow and Outflow Solution for Problem 2.1 Problem 2.2: Force of a Jet Impinging on a Flat Plat Solution for Problem 2.2 Problem 2.3: Thrust Produced by a Firehose Nozzle Solution for Problem 2.3 Problem 2.4: Force on a Wooden Log of Square Cross-Section in a Two-Dimensional Flow Solution for Problem 2.4 Problem 2.5: Mixing of Two Incompressible Turbulent Flows in an Ejector Solution for Problem 2.5 Problem 2.6: Dad’s Garden Hose Dilemma Solution for Problem 2.6 Problem 2.7: Restraining Force on Carts with One Inlet and One Outlet Solution for Problem 2.7 Problem 2.8: Force Needed to Hold a Water Tank in Position under the Given Inflow and Outflow Conditions Solution for Problem 2.8 Problem 2.9: Effective Average Moody Friction Factor for an Annulus Flow with Different Relative Roughness on Inner and Outer Walls Solution for Problem 2.9 Problem 2.10: Laminar Flow Entering a Sudden Pipe Expansion Solution for Problem 2.10 Problem 2.11: An Accelerating Cart with a Constant OutflowSolution for Problem 2.11 Problem 2.12: An Accelerating Cart under a Deflected Water Jet Solution for Problem 2.12 Problem 2.13: An Accelerating Cart with Variable Outflow Solution for Problem 2.13 Problem 2.14: A Water Tanker Accelerating Due to an Incoming Water Jet Solution for Problem 2.14 Problem 2.15: A Lawn Sprinkler with Two Unequal Arms Solution for Problem 2.15 Problem 2.16: Convective Heat Transfer and Internal Heat Generation in a Pipe Flow with Constant Wall Temperature Solution for Problem 2.16 References Bibliography Nomenclature 3.Bernoulli Equation: Mechanical Energy Equation Review of Key Concepts Problem 3.1: Free Fall of Steady Water Flow under Gravity from a Vertical Pipe Solution for Problem 3.1 Problem 3.2: Open Channel Water Flow as a Flow Measuring Device Solution for Problem 3.2 Problem 3.3: Water Flow in a Variable-Area Frictionless Duct Solution for Problem 3.3 Problem 3.4: Operation of a Siphon Solution for Problem 3.4 Problem 3.5: Head Loss and Static Pressure Loss in a Subsonic Air Flow through a Constant-Area Duct Solution for Problem 3.5 Problem 3.6: Pumping Power Needed in a Water Flow System Solution for Problem 3.6 Problem 3.7: Minimum Pressure in a Siphon Tube Solution for Problem 3.7 Problem 3.8: Venturi Flow Meter Analysis Solution for Problem 3.8 Problem 3.9: Tuning of the Carburetor in Tom’s Old Scooter Solution for Problem 3.9 Problem 3.10: An Ejector Pump Analysis Solution for Problem 3.10 Problem 3.11: Head Loss in a Diverging Duct Flow Solution for Problem 3.11 Problem 3.12: Pump Discharge and Power in a Flow System Solution for Problem 3.12 References Bibliography Nomenclature 4.Compressible Flow Review of Key Concepts Problem 4.1: Force on an Air Compressor Operating in a Constant-Area Duct Solution for Problem 4.1 Problem 4.2: Choking in a Compressed Air flow System Solution for Problem 4.2 Problem 4.3: Adiabatic Air Flow Through Two Convergent Nozzles and One Divergent Nozzle Connected to a Plenum Solution for Problem 4.3 Problem 4.4: Air Flow Rate through a Punched Automobile Tire Solution for Problem 4.4 Problem 4.5: Isentropic Air Flow through a Deformable Rubber Pipe Solution for Problem 4.5 Problem 4.6: Locating the Normal Shock in a Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Solution for Problem 4.6 Problem 4.7: High-Pressure Inlet Bleed Heat (IBH) System of a Land-Based Gas Turbine for Power Generation Solution for Problem 4.7 Problem 4.8: A Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Air Flow with a Normal Shock Solution for Problem 4.8 Problem 4.9: Finding Total-Pressure Mass Flow Functions from Isentropic Flow Table Solution for Problem 4.9 Problem 4.10: Prandtl-Meyer Equation Versus Normal Shock Function Solution for Problem 4.10 Problem 4.11: Normal Shock Analysis Using Fanno and Rayleigh Flow Lines Solution for Problem 4.11 Problem 4.12: Maximum Length of a Fanno Flow Pipe to Deliver the Specified Mass Flow Rate Solution for Problem 4.12 Problem 4.13: Fanno Flow through a Long Pipe Solution for Problem 4.13 Problem 4.14: Normal Shock in a Convergent Divergent Nozzle Attached to a Fanno Pipe Solution for Problem 4.14 Problem 4.15: Normal Shock in a Converging Diverging Nozzle Attached to a Short Converging Duct Solution for Problem 4.15 Problem 4.16: Supersonic Flow Over a Wedge with Oblique and Bow Shocks Solution for Problem 4.16 Problem 4.17: Supersonic Air Flow over a Wedge with Measured Wave Angle Solution for Problem 4.17 Problem 4.18: Supersonic Air Flow Over a Wedge with Measured Pressure Ratio Solution for Problem 4.18 Problem 4.19: A Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Flow with a Normal Shock at Its Exit Solution for Problem 4.19 Problem 4.20: A Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Flow with an Oblique Shock at Its Exit Solution for Problem 4.20 Problem 4.21: A Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Flow with Prandtl-Meyer Expansion at Its Exit Solution for Problem 4.21 Problem 4.22: Gas Turbine Thrust on Engine Mountings Solution for Problem 4.22 Problem 4.23: Normal Shock Analysis Using Compressible Flow Functions Solution for Problem 4.23 Problem 4.24: Normal Shock Location in a Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Air Flow Solution for Problem 4.24 Problem 4.25: Normal Shock Location in a Fanno Flow Solution for Problem 4.25 Problem 4.26: Normal Shock Analysis Using Fanno Flow and Isentropic Flow Tables Solution for Problem 4.26 Problem 4.27: Normal Shock Analysis Using Rayleigh Flow and Isentropic Flow Tables Solution for Problem 4.27 Problem 4.28: Pressure, Temperature, and Area Changes in a Duct with Constant Mach Number Solution for Problem 4.28 References Bibliography Nomenclature 5.Potential Flow Review of Key Concepts Problem 5.1: Finding Stream Function from Given Potential Function Solution for Problem 5.1 Problem 5.2: Superposition of a Uniform Flow and a Source (Rankine Half-Body) Solution for Problem 5.2 Problem 5.3: Adding a Source to a Given Stream Function Solution for Problem 5.3 Problem 5.4: Streamlines in a Spiral Vortex Solution for Problem 5.4 Problem 5.5: Application of Milne-Thompson Circle Theorem Solution for Problem 5.5 Problem 5.6: Stream Function for the Flow on Flat Plate Solution for Problem 5.6 Problem 5.7: Finding Stream Function, Potential Function, and Static Pressure Distribution for Given Radial and Tangential Velocities Solution for Problem 5.7 Problem 5.8: Finding Stream Function for a Given Potential Function Solution for Problem 5.8 Problem 5.9: Potential Flow Analysis of Given Distributions of Radial and Tangential Velocities Solution for Problem 5.9 Problem 5.10: Superposition of an Inclined Uniform Flow on a Source Solution for Problem 5.10 Problem 5.11: A Cylinder in a Two Dimensional Cross Flow Solution for Problem 5.11 Problem 5.12: A Cylinder in a Two-Dimensional Cross Flow Superimposed with a Vortex Solution for Problem 5.12 Problem 5.13: Potential Flow over a Sinusoidal Wavy Wall Solution for Problem 5.13 Problem 5.14: Finding Complex Potential of a Source Flow Using Milne-Thomson Circle Theorem Solution for Problem 5.14 Problem 5.15: Finding Complex Potential of a Vortex Flow Using Milne-Thomson Circle Theorem Solution for Problem 5.14 References Bibliography Nomenclature 6.Navier-Stokes Equations: Exact Solutions Review of Key Concepts Problem 6.1: A Fluid Film Falling under Gravity along a Vertical Flat Plate Solution for Problem 6.1 Problem 6.2: A Porous Plate Moving at Constant Velocity through a Stagnant Fluid Solution for Problem 6.2 Problem 6.3: Annular Flow between the Pipe and the Wire Moving at Constant Velocity along the Pipe Axis Solution for Problem 6.3 Problem 6.4: Flow between Infinite Parallel Plates Solution for Problem 6.4 Problem 6.5: Hagen-Poiseuille Flow Solution for Problem 6.5 Problem 6.6: Flow in an Annulus between Concentric Pipes Solution for Problem 6.6 Problem 6.7: Limiting Cases of Fully Developed Laminar Flow in an Annulus between Concentric Pipes Solution for Problem 6.7 Problem 6.8: Two Immiscible Fluids Flowing between Two Parallel Plates Solution for Problem 6.8 Problem 6.9: Two Immiscible Fluids in a Circular Pipe Solution for Problem 6.9 Problem 6.10: A Fluid Film Falling under Gravity along a Vertical Circular Rod Solution for Problem 6.10 Problem 6.11: Flow between Concentric Cylinders with Rotating Inner Cylinder Solution for Problem 6.11 Problem 6.12: A Suddenly Accelerated Flat Plate in a Quiescent Fluid (Stokes’ First Problem) Solution for Problem 6.12 References Bibliography Nomenclature 7. Boundary Layer Flow Review of Key Concepts Problem 7.1: Two-Dimensional Incompressible Laminar Flow on a Flat Plate Solution for Problem 7.1 Problem 7.2: Total Drag on a Flat Plate in an Oncoming Uniform Water Flow Solution for Problem 7.2 Problem 7.3: Momentum Integral Method: Laminar Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate Solution for Problem 7.3 Problem 7.4: Drag Force Distribution in a Flat Plate Boundary Layer Solution for Problem 7.4 Problem 7.6: Turbulent Boundary Layer over a Flat Plate Solution for Problem 7.6 Problem 7.7: Transverse Velocity in the Laminar Boundary Layer over a Flat Plate Solution for Problem 7.7 References Bibliography Nomenclature 8.Centrifugal Pumps and Fans Review of Key Concepts Problem 8.1: Dimensionless and Dimensional Specific Speeds of a Centrifugal Water Pump Solution for Problem 8.1 Problem 8.2: Using Rothalpy to Compute Pressure Rise in a Centrifugal Impeller Solution for Problem 8.2 Problem 8.3: Hydraulic, Volumetric, and Mechanical Efficiencies of a Centrifugal Pump Solution for Problem 8.3 Problem 8.4: Various Heads of a Single Suction Centrifugal Pump Solution for Problem 8.4 Problem 8.5: Electric Power Needed to Run a Centrifugal Pump Solution for Problem 8.5 Problem 8.6: Suction Specific Speed of a Centrifugal Pump Solution for Problem 8.6 Problem 8.7: Preliminary Design of a Double-Suction Pump Impeller Solution for Problem 8.7 References Bibliography Nomenclature 9.Centrifugal Compressors Review of Key Concepts Problem 9.1: Efficiency of a Single-Stage Centrifugal Compressor Solution for Problem 9.1 Problem 9.2: Nondimensional Power Function at the Inlet of a Centrifugal Compressor ImpellervSolution for Problem 9.2 Problem 9.3: Optimum Rotational Speed of a Centrifugal Compressor Solution for Problem 9.3 Problem 9.4: Basic Dimensions of a Centrifugal Air Compressor Impeller Solution for Problem 9.4 Problem 9.5: Finding the Rotational Speed of a Centrifugal Air Compressor Solution for Problem 9. Problem 9.6: Mass Flow Rate through a Centrifugal Air Compressor Solution for Problem 9.6 Problem 9.7: Operational Parameters of a Centrifugal Compressor with Radial Blades Solution for Problem 9.7 Problem 9.8: Discharge of a Centrifugal Air Compressor Impeller with Radial Blades Solution for Problem 9.8 Problem 9.9: Basic Dimensions and Exit Flow Properties of a Centrifugal Compressor Impeller Solution for Problem 9.9 Problem 9.10: Preliminary Impeller Design for a Centrifugal Air Compressor Solution for Problem 9.10 References Bibliography Nomenclature 10. Axial-Flow Pumps, Fans, and Compressors Review of Key Concepts Problem 10.1: Analysis of a High-Performance Axial-Flow Air Compressor Solution for Problem 10.1 Problem 10.2: Overall Compressor Efficiency for a Four-Stage Compressor Solution for Problem 10.2 Problem 10.3: Comparing Efficiencies of Two Axial Compressors for Bidding Solution for Problem 10.3 Problem 10.4: Two Axial-Flow Compressors Operating in Series Solution for Problem 10.4 Problem 10.5: Compressor Pressure Ratio for Maximum Net Work Output in a Gas Turbine Engine Solution for Problem 10.5 Problem 10.6: Compressor Pressure Ratio for Maximum Work Output in a Gas Turbine with Reheat Solution for Problem 10.6 Problem 10.7: Root, Mean, and Tip Velocity Diagrams for an Axial-Flow Compressor Solution for Problem 10.7 Problem 10.8: Meanline Analysis of an Axial-Flow Compressor Solution for Problem 10.8 Problem 10.9: Number of Stages Needed for an Axial-Flow Compressor Solution for Problem 10.9 Problem 10.10: Response of an Axial-Flow Compressor to Mass Flow Rate Reduction Solution for Problem 10.10 Problem 10.11: Hydraulic Efficiency of an Axial Flow Water Pump Solution for Problem 10.11 Problem 10.12: Analysis of a Four-Bladed Axial-Flow Fan Solution for Problem 10.12 Problem 10.13: Velocity Diagrams from Given Flow Coefficient, Loading Coefficient, and Stage Reaction Solution for Problem 10.13 References Bibliography Nomenclature 11.Radial-Flow Gas Turbines Review of Key Concepts Problem 11.1: Preliminary Design of an Inward-Flow Radial (IFR) Gas Turbine Solution for Problem 11.1 Problem 11.2: Radial-Inflow Turbine Driven by Compressed Air Solution for Problem 11.2 Problem 11.3: Optimum-Efficiency Design of an IFR Turbine Rotor Solution for Problem 11.3 Problem 11.4: Performance of a Radial-Flow Gas Turbine Solution for Problem 11.4 Problem 11.5: Standard 90o IFR Gas Turbine with Choked Nozzle Solution for Problem 11.5 Problem 11.6: Radial-Flow Gas Turbine with Flat Radial Blades Solution for Problem 11.6 Problem 11.7: Specific Work of a 90o IFR Gas Turbine Solution for Problem 11.7 References Bibliography Nomenclature 12. Axial-Flow Gas Turbines Review of Key Concepts Problem 12.1: Analysis of an Axial-Flow Gas Turbine Stage Solution for Problem 12.1 Problem 12.2: Free-Vortex Design of an Axial-Flow Gas Turbine Stage Solution for Problem 12.2 Problem 12.3: Performance Analysis of an Axial-Flow Gas Turbine Stage Solution for Problem 12.3 Problem 12.4: Number of Impulse Stages Needed in a Multistage Axial-Flow Gas Turbine Solution for Problem 12.4 Problem 12.5: Aircraft Propulsion Gas Turbine Engine Mounted on a Test Bed Solution for Problem 12.5 Problem 12.6: Turbine Polytropic Efficiency in a Gas Turbine Engine Solution for Problem 12.6 Problem 12.7: Total-to-Static Efficiency of an Axial-Flow Gas Turbine Solution for Problem 12.7 Problem 12.8: Specific Work Output of an Axial-Flow Gas Turbine Solution for Problem 12.8 Problem 12.9: Simple-Cycle Performance of an Air-Cooled Gas Turbine Solution for Problem 12.9 Problem 12.10: Velocity Diagrams from Given Flow Coefficient, Loading Coefficient, and Stage Reaction Solution for Problem 12.10 References Bibliography Nomenclature 13. Diffusers Review of Key Concepts Problem 13.1: Outlet-to-Inlet Area Ratio of a Gas Turbine Annular Exhaust Diffuser Solution for Problem 13.1 Problem 13.2: Exhaust Diffuser of a Land-Based Gas Turbine for Power Generation Solution for Problem 13.2 Problem 13.3: Supersonic Air Flow Diffuser Designs Solution for Problem 13.3 Problem 13.4: A Convergent-Divergent Nozzle with a Normal Shock Exhausting into a Diffuser Solution for Problem 13.4 Problem 13.5: Convergent-Divergent Diffuser with Variable Throat Area to Swallow the Starting Shock Solution for Problem 13.5 Problem 13.6: Outlet Diameter of a Vaneless Diffuser of a Radial-Flow Air Compressor Solution for Problem 13.6 Problem 13.7: Comparing Actual Pressure Rise Coefficient with Theoretical(Incompressible) Value for Diffusion in a Row of Axial-Flow Compressor Blades Solution for Problem 13.7 Problem 13.8: Dependence of Turbine Power Output on Exhaust Diffuser Pressure Rise Coefficient Solution for Problem 13.8 Problem 13.9: Incompressible Flow through a Frictionless Adiabatic Duct with and without a Diffuser Solution for Problem 13.9 Problem 13.10: Incompressible Flow in an Adiabatic Diffuser with a Bypass Duct Solution for Problem 13.10 References Bibliography Nomenclature 14. Internal Flow around Rotors and Stators Review of Key Concepts Problem 14.1: Pressure and Temperature Change in an Isentropic Compressible Free Vortex Flow Solution for Problem 14.1 Problem 14.2: Pressure and Temperature Change in an Isentropic Forced Vortex Solution for Problem 14.2 Problem 14.3: Pressure and Temperature Change in a Nonisentropic Generalized Vortex Solution for Problem 14.3 Problem 14.4: Radially Outward Flow through a Rotating Constant-Area Duct Solution for Problem 14.4 Problem 14.5: Radially Outward Flow through a Rotating Variable-Area Duct Solution for Problem 14.5 Problem 14.6: Impingement Air Cooling of a Cylindrical Surface with a Rotary Arm with Three Jets Solution for Problem 14.6 Problem 14.7: Impingement Air Cooling of a Cylindrical Surface: Rotary Arm Dynamics Solution for Problem 14.7 Problem 14.8: Impingement Air Cooling of a Cylindrical Surface: Rotary Arm Driven by an Electric Motor Solution for Problem 14.8 Problem 14.9: Axial Thrust of a Centrifugal Air Compressor Solution for Problem 14.9 Problem 14.10: Heat Transfer in a Rotating Duct of Arbitrary Cross Section Solution for Problem 14.10 Problem 14.11: Windage Temperature Rise in a Rotor Stator Cavity Solution for Problem 14.11 Problem 14.12: A Two-Tooth Labyrinth Seal Solution for Problem 14.12 Problem 14.13: A Two-Tooth Labyrinth Seal Choked under Both Teeth Solution for Problem 14.13 Problem 14.14: Kinetic Energy Carry-Over Factor for a Two-Tooth Labyrinth Seal Solution for Problem 14.14 Problem 14.15: Rotating Radial Pipes Carrying Compressor Bleed Air Flow for Turbine Cooling Solution for Problem 14.15 References Bibliography Nomenclature Appendix A Euler’s Turbomachinery Equation and Rothalpy Appendix B Dimensionless Velocity Diagrams for Axial-Flow Compressors and Turbines Index

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