图书简介

Boxes xii; Figures xiii; Tables xvii; Maps xix; Abbreviations xx; Preface xxii; Introduction xxiv ; PART 1 FORMING A NATION AND A MOSAIC POPULATION ; Chapter 1 From British Intervention to Independence; The Straits Settlements of Penang, Melaka, and Singapore; Penang; Melaka; Singapore; Governance of the Straits Settlements; The Pangkor Engagement, 1874; The Federated Malay States and Their Governance; The Unfederated Malay States and Their Governance; Kelantan and Terengganu; Kedah and Perlis; Johor; Administration of the Unfederated Malay States; Administration of British Malaya, 1900-1945; Malayan Civil Service; District Offices; Administration during the Japanese Occupation, 1941-1945; Administration of North Borneo and Sarawak; From Fragmentation to the Federation of Malaysia, 1945-1963; Decolonization to Merdeka, 1945-1957; Malaya to Malaysia, 1957-1963; Maintaining Law and Order; The Military; The Police; The Justice System; The Tax System; The Financial System; New Straits Settlements Dollar; Conclusions ; Chapter 2 Population and Migration; Counting and Classifying the People; How Population Classification Has Evolved; Major Categories of Ethnic Classification; Changing Classifications of Ethnic Subcategories; A Century of Migration to 1957; Chinese Migration; Indian Migration; Javanese Migration; Population Growth, 1871-1957; Impact of Migration on the Population of the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States, 1871-1911; Impact of Migration on the Peninsula’s Growth and Ethnic Composition, 1901-1957; Impact of Migration on the Sex Ratio of the Peninsula’s Population; Population Policy After 1957; Ethnic Balance and the 1969 Riots; A 70 Million Policy; Lower-skilled and Higher-skilled Emigration, 1957-2017; Population Growth and Changing Ethnic Composition, 1957-2017; Sabah and Sarawak, 1963-2017; A Century of Spatial Redistribution, 1901-2017; Urbanization; Distribution by States; Conclusions; Annex Table 2.1 History of ethnic sub-classifications used in Malayan/Malaysian population censuses ; PART 2 ENHANCING HUMAN WELL - BEING ; Chapter 3 Building Human Capital; Ethnically Segmented Education in Colonial Malaya; Malay Vernacular Schools; Chinese Vernacular Schools; Indian Vernacular Schools; English-medium Schools; Islamic Schools; North Borneo and Sarawak; Higher Education in Colonial Malaya; Modernization of Education Policy; Education Policy After the Japanese Occupation; Education Policy towards Merdeka; Post-independence Education Policy Reforms; Planning and Human Capital Development; Emergence of the Private Sector and Liberalization of Higher Education; Educational Inputs, Impacts, and Outcomes; Education Expenditure; Universal Literacy; Increasing Enrolment at All Education Levels; Improving Pupil-Teacher Ratios; Rising Educational Attainment; Supply of and Demand for Human Capital; Challenges in Human Capital Development; Performance in International Assessments; Why did Malaysia’s Performance Decline in International Assessments?; Improving the Quality of Education; The Challenge of Innovation; The Brain Drain; Conclusions ; Chapter 4 Increasing Well - Being; Health and Development in Colonial Malaya; Sanitary Boards; The Medical Department and the Expansion of Public Health; Hospitals, Research, and Training; Health Care from World War II to Independence; Impact of Colonial Health Measures; Post-independence Health Policies and Their Impact on Well-Being; Health Policy; Health Outcomes; The Demographic Transition; The Fertility Transition and Its Impact on Well-Being; The Fertility Transition; Changing Family Size and Female Labour Force Participation; Changing Family Size and Women’s Well-Being; Changing Family Size and Impact on the Population’s Age Structure; The Demographic Dividend; Conclusions ; PART 3 EXPANDING AND DIVERSIFYING THE ECONOMY ; Chapter 5 Economic Growth and Change , 1874 - 1969; GDP Growth and GDP Gaps, 1900-1969; Data and Data Sources; Growth of Per Capita GDP; Convergence and Gaps in Per Capita GDP; Post-Pangkor Engagement, 1874-1899; Growth, Volatility, and Reversals, 1900-1941; The Rubber Boom, 1900-1929; Volatility in Tin Output and Prices; The Great Depression and Its Aftermath, 1930-1941; A Segmented Economy and People; Japanese Occupation, 1941-1945; Recovery, 1946-1949; Commodity Dependence and Institutional Transformation, 1950-1959; Post-independence Economic Priorities, 1960-1969; Conclusions ; Chapter 6 Growth , Productivity , and Wealth Since Independence; The Record on GDP Growth; Income Convergence and Catch-up; Total Factor Productivity Growth and Input Growth; Factor Productivity Benchmarks; Components of Labour Productivity Growth; Structural Change, the Structural Bonus, and Sector Productivity; Structural Change; Structural Bonus; Sector Productivity; Demographic Dividend; Genuine Wealth; Conclusions ; Chapter 7 Advances , Reversals , and Changes , 1970 - 2017; Outline Perspective Plan 1, 1971-1990; New Economic Policy: Rationale and Scope; Targets and Policies in OPP1; Outcomes, 1971-1980; Outcomes, 1981-1990; OPP1 Summary; Outline Perspective Plan 2, 1991-2000; The National Development Policy: Rationale and Scope; Targets and Policies in OPP2; Outcomes for OPP2; Outline Perspective Plan 3, 2001-2010; The National Vision Policy: Rationale and Scope; Targets and Policies in OPP3; The Global Financial Crisis and Great Recession, 2008-2009; Impact and Responses; Outcomes for OPP3; The Tenth Malaysia Plan, 2011-2015; Targets and Policies in MP10; Outcomes for MP10; Productivity; Export Diversification; Innovation-led Growth; MP11 and the New Directions Set in Its Mid-Term Review; Conclusions ; PART 4 ACHIEVING GROWTH WITH EQUITY ; Chapter 8 Agricultural Development and Poverty Reduction; Historical Context: The Horns of a Dilemma; Structural Transformation; State-level Agricultural Development and Poverty Reduction, 1970-2015; Poverty and Economic Data; Measures of Structural Transformation at State Level; Agricultural Commodities; Structural Transformation at State Level; Linkages between Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction; Commodity Production and Poverty Reduction; Results; Conclusions; Annex Table 8.1 Steady progress in poverty reduction halted during the Asian financial crisis but resumed in year 2000; Annex Table 8.2 Controlling for time-related structural changes in the economy, 95 per cent of variation in poverty is explained; Annex Table 8.3 An increase in real GDP per capita lowers poverty rates; Annex Table 8.4 Rice production has different impacts on poverty at state level; Annex Table 8.5 Palm oil production has different impacts on poverty at state level ; Chapter 9 Inequality : A Century of Change; Inequality and Consumption in Malaya, 1900-1939; Piece-wise Linear Lorenz Curves; Lower-bound Gini; Intra-standard Consumption Variance; Intra-standard Dispersion; Simulated Indicators of Inequality; Summary of Inequality in the Colonial Era; Measuring Income Inequality in Malaysia, 1970-2016; Limitations of Income Survey Data; Income Surveys and the National Accounts; Malaysian Household Income Surveys; Type of Income; National Trends in Inequality; Mean and Median Incomes; Lorenz Curves; Gini; Percentile Ratios and Shares; Impact of Financial Crises on Income Inequality; International Experience; The Macroeconomic Impact on Malaysia; Malaysian Inequality in Crisis Years; Differentials in Income Inequality; Ethnicity, Strata, and Household Size; Education; State; Determinants of Income Inequality; Modelling Determinants; Model Results; Conclusions; Annex Table 9.1 Residents of Kuala Lumpur are more likely to be in the top quintile-logistic regressions: Top-quintile; Annex Table 9.2 Tertiary education raises the likelihood of high income- logistic regressions: Top 5% ; PART 5 CREATING AN INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE ; Chapter 10 Working Towards an Inclusive and Sustainable Future; One: Affirmative Action; Two: Diversified Development; Three: Immigration and Labour Market Regulations; Four: Environmental Management for Sustainability; Five: Implementation; Administrative Alignment and Configuration; Human Resources; Data for Evidence-based Policy; References; Index

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