图书简介
CO2 is a non-flammable natural fluid with no Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and a negligible Global Warming Potential (GWP). Conversely, CO2 is currently responsible for over 60% of the greenhouse effect. An effective way of relieving the greenhouse effect is by recycling CO2 and using it as refrigerant, which can also be considered as a kind of CO2 capture and storage. In addition, the CO2 thermodynamic and transport properties seem to be favorable in terms of heat transfer and pressure drop, compared to other typical refrigerants. Because of these advantages, CO2 fluid has received much attention in recent years in some new energy systems, especially in CO2 trans-critical compression refrigeration thermodynamics cycle of air conditioners, and heat pumps. CO2 refrigeration and heat pump is an on-going technology, and is expected to be at the forefront of the future refrigeration and heat pump field and market. The authors explore the basic theory of thermodynamic cycles of heat pump, following with a description of the properties of CO2. Examples of CO2 application are explored, enabling the reader to follow the progression of the topic from analysis to practical usage.
List of Contributors Preface Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Fundamentals 1.3 Applications 1.4 A guide to this book References Chapter 2 Current development of CO2 heat pump 2.1 Introduction 2.2 CO2 properties 2.3 Working principle of transcritical CO2 heat pump 2.4 A brief history of CO2 heat pump 2.5 CO2 cascade heat pump system 2.6 Advanced CO2 heat pump system with an ejector References Chapter 3 Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cooling 3.1 Supercritical properties 3.2 Supercritical heat transfer fluid mechanics 3.3 Supercritical gas cooling experiments 3.4 Supercritical CO2 heat transfer correlations 3.5 Supercritical CO2 pressure drop 3.6 Supercritical CO2 heat transfer and pressure drop with lubricants 3.7 Summary and need for additional research References Chapter 4 Boiling flow and heat transfer of CO2 in an evaporator 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Boiling heat transfer of liquid CO2 in an evaporator 4.3 Sublimation heat ransfer of dry ice-gas CO2 in an evaporator/sublimator References Chapter 5 Theoretical analysis of CO2 expansion process 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Thermodynamic analysis of the expansion process in transcritical CO2 cycles 5.3 Theory of ejector-expansion devices 5.4 Expansion work recovery devices for transcritical CO2 systems References Chapter 6 Trans-critical carbon dioxide compressors 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Sliding vane CO2 compressor 6.3 Screw CO2 compressor 6.4 CO2 rolling rotor compressor 6.5 SCO2 scroll compressor 6.6 SCO2 turbo-compressor 6.7 SCO2 piston compressor 6.8 Future trends 6.9 Some key technical problems of CO2 compressor 6.10 Conclusion and perspectives References Chapter 7 CO2 subcooling 7.1 Introduction 7.2 CO2 thermodynamic properties and approach 7.3 Internal heat exchanger 7.4 Dedicated mechanical subcooling 7.5 Integrated mechanical subcooling 7.6 Summary References Chapter 8 High temperature CO2 heat pump system and optimization 8.1 Background 8.2 Basic system design 8.3 High temperature operation and key equipment 8.4 System Optimization 8.5 Applications and challenges 8.6 Commercialized Products by High Temperature CO2 Heat Pump 8.7 Summary References Chapter 9 Performance Analysis and Optimization of a CO2 Heat Pump Water Heating System 9.1 Introduction 9.2 System configuration 9.3 System modeling 9.4 Numerical solution 9.5 Conditions for performance analysis and optimization 9.6 Performance analysis under periodically steady state 9.7 Performance enhancement by extracting tepid water 9.8 Performance analysis under unsteady state 9.9 Performance estimation under unsteady state 9.10 Performance optimization under unsteady state 9.11 Other issues on performance analysis and optimization References Chapter 10 Transcritical CO2 heat pump space heating 10.1 Attempts towards the space heating used a transcritical CO2 heat pump 10.2 Thermodynamic analysis of the subcooler based CO2 heat pump 10.3 Comparison between the subcooler based CO2 system and the cascade cycle 10.4 Optimal discharge pressure 10.5 Optimal medium temperature 10.6 Conclusion and prospect
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