The objective of the book is to cover the latest developments in biomimicry and to give the reader sufficient grounding to enable them to read the current research literature - which can be technically very complex! Different themes are covered in each of Chapters 2-6 and text boxes cover the relevant physics for readers who may lack the relevant knowledge.   Chapter1: The Beginnings of Biomimicry Definitions of forward and reverse biomimicry. Early (unsuccessful) attempts at flight by mimicking birds, da Vinci and his design of ornithopters, successful flight by the Wright brothers after studying birds. The events leading to the development of cats eyes and Velcro as examples of early biomimetic products. The challenges of copying nature.   Chapter 2: Transport, Energy and Motion Most of this chapter is devoted to issues in fluid dynamics and there is a text box explaining topics such as lift, drag, etc. Avoiding sonic booms by studying kingfishers, reducing train pantograph noise by studying owls and penguins. How owls can fly so quietly and applications of this knowledge. The significance of tubercles on whale fins and how tubercle technology can increase the efficiency of wind turbines, aeroplanes etc. and reduce noise. Other designs for energy generators based on fish shoals and trees. Improved methods of propulsion based on studying fish swimming. How the structure of its skin helps the shark catch its prey and how this knowledge can be applied to increase shipping and swimming efficiency. Biofouling of hulls reduces the efficiency of ships and biomimetic ways of preventing it.   Chapter 3: Colour and Vision This chapter covers optical applications and there are text boxes covering the basic properties of light, thin film interference, and colour vision. How nature generates colour without the use of dyes and pigments (structural colour), generating structural colour in man-made materials. How the squid can change colour, making materials that emulate the squid, novel camouflage materials that change their properties to match their surroundings. How animals stay cool in desert environments by reflecting infrared rays (photonic  cooling) and biomimetic synthetic materials. Cheap and effective anti-reflective coatings modelled on marine creatures. UV reflective coatings for glass that birds can see based on spider webs.   Chapter 4: The Built Environment Cooling systems for buildings based on termite mounds and how this was misconceived. Constructing large buildings with open space by minimising roof supports through studying trees, parsley plants, sea urchins and soap bubbles. Self-cleaning paint based on lotus leaves with text box on wetting and contact angle. Concrete that can self-repair any cracks. Building bricks made without external energy. Unobtrusive solar panels based on ivy. Buildings that respond to the environment.   Chapter 5: Smart Materials This chapter has a text box defining many relevant terms in material science, e.g. stress, strain, surface energy, hysteresis, etc. Self-cleaning materials based on sharkskin and pitcher plants. Mussels as an inspiration for novel adhesives and specialist steels. Surgical glues that work on wet surfaces based on slug mucus. Dry adhesives based on the gecko foot and robots that climb walls. Self-healing materials based on mother of pearl (nacre). Pine cone-based textiles whose properties change with environment, ultra-light insulating fabrics modelled on polar bear hair.   Chapter 6: Smart Devices Burrowing robots based on razor clams. Novel acoustic sensors based on insect pressure sensors and spider slit organs. Moisture driven actuators based on ice plants. Methods for passively collecting water in arid areas based on Namib Desert beetles, spiders webs and cacti. Folding wings of ladybirds and applications in space exploration. Pain free injections based on mosquito bites.   Chapter 7: The Future A short assessment of how the field will develop over the next 10 years.  

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