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Contributors ix 1. Maria Isabel Andrade: Sweetpotato Breeder, Technology Transfer Specialist, and Advocate 1 Jan W. Low and Edward Carey I. Early Years 3 II. Research for Devlopment in Southern Africa 7 III. The Advocate and Team Player 18 IV. The Mentor at Work and in her Community 21 V. Awards and Service 24 Literature Cited 25 Publications 26 2 Development of Cold Climate Grapes in the Upper Midwestern U.S.: The Pioneering Work of Elmer Swenson 31 Matthew D. Clark I. A Cold Climate Grape Industry 32 II. Elmer Swenson 37 III. Grape Improvement in the Midwest 53 IV. Summary and Future Prospects 57 Acknowledgments 57 Literature Cited 58 3 Candidate Genes to Extend Fleshy Fruit Shelf Life 61 Haya Friedman I. Introduction 62 II. Available Methods for Breeding and Genetic Manipulations 66 III. Cuticle Structure and Effect on Fruit Shelf Life 68 IV. Candidate Genes for Cell?Wall Modification and Fruit Softening 69 V. Ethylene?Biosynthesis Pathway and Effect on Fruit Ripening 77 VI. Usefulness of Components of the Ethylene?Response Pathway for Delay of Fruit Ripening 79 VII. Fruit?Ripening Delay Based on Manipulation of Upstream Transcription Factors 81 VIII. Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects 84 Acknowledgments 85 Literature Cited 86 4 Breeding Naked Barley for Food, Feed, and Malt 95 Brigid Meints and Patrick M. Hayes I. Introduction 96 II. The Nud Gene 97 III. Traits of Interest Related to Nud 98 IV. Selecting for ?Glucan and Starch Type 102 V. Feed Barley Breeding and Quality 104 VI. Food Barley Breeding and Quality 106 VII. Malting Barley Breeding and Quality 108 VIII. Brewing 111 IX. Distilling 112 X. Conclusions and Future Directions 113 Acknowledgments 114 Literature Cited 114 5 The Foundations, Continuing Evolution, and Outcomes from the Application of Intellectual Property Protection in Plant Breeding and Agriculture 121 Stephen Smith I. Intellectual Property, Intellectual Property Rights, and the Thesis Underlying this Review 125 II. The Philosophical Basis of IP and IPR and the Need to Establish Appropriate Balances 128 III. Intellectual Property, Intellectual Property Rights, and their Associations with Plant Breeding and Agriculture 133 IV. The Global Framework within which IPR Applicable to Plant Breeding Resides 143 V. The Development of Formal Mechanisms of Intellectual Property Rights for Plant Varieties and Plant?Related Subject Matter 148 VI. Forms of Intellectual Property Protection Available to Plant Breeders and Trait Developers 156 VII. Associations Between IP Systems and the Generation of Benefits 176 VIII. Concluding Comments: Looking to the Future 188 Literature Cited 192 6 The Use of Endosperm Genes for Sweet Corn Improvement: A review of developments in endosperm genes in sweet corn since the seminal publication in Plant Breeding Reviews, Volume 1, by Charles Boyer and Jack Shannon (1984) 215 William F. Tracy, Stacie L. Shuler, and Hallie Dodson?Swenson I. Introduction 217 II. Economics 218 III. Endosperm Development 219 IV. Endosperm Mutants, Germination, and Seedling Vigor in Sweet Corn 233 V. Future Prospects 234 Literature Cited 235 7 Gender and Farmer Preferences for Varietal Traits: Evidence and Issues for Crop Improvement 243 Eva Weltzien, Fred Rattunde, Anja Christinck, Krista Isaacs, and Jacqueline Ashby I. Introduction 245 II. Methods 247 III. Cases Documenting Gender Differentiation for Trait Preferences 250 IV. Findings on Gender?Specific Trait Preferences 256 V. Issues for Gender?Responsive Crop Improvement 264 Acknowledgments 273 Literature Cited 273 8 Domestication, Genetics, and Genomics of the American Cranberry 279 Nicholi Vorsa and Juan Zalapa I. Domestication and Breeding 281 II. Life History Parameters 285 III. Taxonomy 287 IV. Cytology 288 V. Traits of Interest 289 VI. Heritability of Traits 297 VII. Molecular Markers 297 VIII. Nuclear and Organellar Genome Assembly 302 IX. Linkage Mapping and SNP Markers 303 X. Marker?Trait Association Studies 305 XI. Future Prospects 308 Acknowledgments 310 Literature Cited 310 9 Images and Descriptions of Cucurbita maxima in Western Europe in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 317 Alice K. Formiga and James R. Myers I. Introduction 318 II. Challenges of Identifying Cucurbits in Historical Sources 319 III. Distinguishing Cucurbita maxima 321 IV. Where was Cucurbita maxima Present in South America Before the Arrival of Europeans and how Early Could it have Arrived in Europe? 327 V. Cucurbita maxima in Herbals and Botanical and Agricultural Books 329 VI. Cucurbita maxima in Art 335 VII. Cucurbita maxima in Botanical Paintings 344 VIII. Cucurbita maxima in Genre Paintings and Still Lifes 346 IX. Conclusion and Future Prospects 349 Acknowledgments 350 Literature Cited 351 Author Index 357 Subject Index 365

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