图书简介

1. Introduction; 1.1. The Ubiquity of ’Ought’; 1.2. Some Initial Theoretical Cartography; 1.3. Metanormative Theorizing and the Philosophy of Language; 1.4. Compositional Semantics, Some Basics; 1.5. The Word ’Ought’; 1.6. Plan; 2. ’Ought’s, Obligations, Reasons, and Values; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Formal Framework and Toy Analysis of ’Ought’; 2.3. An Initial Ambiguity View; 2.4. Analyzing ’Ought’ in Terms of Reasons; 2.5. Analyzing ’Ought’ in Terms of Values; 2.6. Conclusion; 3. A Possible Worlds Semantics for ’Ought’; 3.1. Introduction; 3.2. From Modal Logic to Deontic Necessity and Possibility; 3.3. From Deontic Necessity to a Simple Possible Worlds Semantics for ’Ought’; 3.4. Some Reasons to Complicate the Analysis; 3.5. Kratzer’s Improvements; 3.6. Application of Kratzer’s Framework to ’Ought’; 3.7. The Weakness of ’Ought’ Compared to ’Must’; 3.8. Conclusion; 4. Problems with Possible Worlds; 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. The Challenge of Dilemmas; 4.3. The Challenge of ’Ought-to-Do’; 4.4. Conclusion; 5. A New Semantic Rule for ’Ought’; 5.1. Introduction; 5.2. Is ’Ought’ Polysemous between Agentive and Non-Agentive Readings?; 5.3. Imperatival Content; 5.4. A New Semantic Rule for ’Ought’; 5.5. Conclusion; 6. Metanormative Debate Renewed; 6.1. Introduction; 6.2. Truth Conditions as Ways Reality Could Be; 6.3. Truth Conditions as What One Ought to Think; 6.4. Truth Conditions as Positions in a Space of Implications; 6.5. Conclusion; 7. Conclusion; 7.1. Introduction; 7.2. Should the Metalanguage of Metanormative Theory be Nonnormative?; 7.3. What about Other Normative and Evaluative Words and Concepts?; 7.4. Moral Psychology; 7.5. The Epistemology of Normativity; 7.6. Conclusion; Appendix of Proposed Rules; Bibliography

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