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1. An introduction; 2. What is a population and what is population health?; 3. What is an exposure, what is a disease, and how do we measure them?; 4. What is a sample?; 5. Watching a sample, counting cases; 6. Are exposures associated with health indicators?; 7. What is a cause?; 8. Is the association causal, or are there alternative explanations?; 9. How do non-causal associations arise?; 10. How can we mitigate against non-causal associations in design and analysis?; 11. When do causes work together?; 12. Do the results matter beyond the study sample?; 13. How do we identify disease early to minimize its consequences?; 14. Conclusion: Epidemiology and what matters most

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