图书简介
A brief, affordable text that combines theory, applications, and current research on small group communication through humor and a conversational style.
Brief Contents; Preface; 1 Communication Competence in Groups; 2 Groups as Systems; 3 Meetings: Standard and Virtual; 4 Group Development; 5 Developing the Group Climate; 6 Roles in Groups; 7 Group Leadership; 8 Developing Effective Teams; 9 Defective Group Decision Making and Problem Solving; 10 Effective Decision Making and Problem Solving; 11 Power in Groups: A Central Dynamic; 12 Conflict Management and Negotiation; Appendix A: Group Oral Presentations; Appendix B: Critical Thinking Revisited: Arguments and Fallacies; Glossary; References; Index; TABLE OF CONTENTS; Preface; Chapter 1: Communication Competence in Groups; Myths about Communication; Myth 1: Communication Is a Cure-all; Myth 2: Communication Can Break Down; Myth 3: Effective Communication Is Merely Skill Building; Myth 4: 93% of Meaning Is Communicated Nonverbally; Myth 5: Effective Communication Is Just Common Sense; Communication Defined; Communication as Transactional: Mutually Influential; Communication as a Process: The Continuous Flow; Communication as Sharing Meaning: Making Sense; Verbal Communication: Telling It Like It Isn’t; Nonverbal Communication: Wordless Meaning; Communication Competence; Effectiveness: Achieving Goals; A Matter of Degree: From Deficiency to Proficiency; We (Not Me) Oriented: Primacy of Groups; Appropriateness: Following the Rules; Rule Violations: Consequential Effects; Rule Changes: Context Specific; Achieving Communication Competence; Knowledge: Learning the Rules; Skills: Showing, Not Just Knowing; Sensitivity: Receptive Accuracy; Commitment: A Passion for Excellence; Ethics: The Right and Wrong of Communication; Culture and Communication Competence; Individualism-Collectivism Dimension: The Prime Directive; Applying the Communication Competence Model: Several Steps; Self-Assessment: Be Ye Individualist or Collectivist?; Definition of a Group; Groups: More than People Standing at a Bus Stop; Interpersonal Communication and Public Speaking: Ungroups; Questions for Critical Thinkers; TED Talks and YouTube Videos; Video Case Studies; Chapter 2: Groups as Systems; Interconnectedness of Parts; Ripple Effect: A Chain Reaction; Synergy: One Plus One Equals a Ton; Negative Synergy: Results Beyond Bad; Adaptability to a Changing Environment; Dynamic Equilibrium: Regulating Stability and Change; Dealing with Difficult Group Members: Disruptive Change; Self-Assessment: Are You a Difficult Group Member?; Boundary Control: Communication Methods for Regulating Input; Physical Barriers: Protecting Group Space; Psychological Barriers: Member in Name Only; Linguistic Barriers: Having to Speak the Language; Rules: Permission Not Granted; Roles: Staying in Bounds; Networks: Controlling Information and Interaction Flow; Open and Closed Systems: Setting Effective Boundaries; Influence of Size; Group Size and Complexity; Quantitative Complexity: Exponentially Complicated; Complexity and Group Transactions: Size Matters; An Organization: A Group of Groups; Questions for Critical Thinkers; TED Talks and YouTube Videos; Video Case Studies; Chapter 3: Meetings: Standard and Virtual; Standard Meeting Preparation; Clarify the Purpose: Avoid Aimlessness; Create an Effective Meeting Agenda: Simple Steps; Get There First: Expect Problems; Conducting a Meeting; Type of Meeting: Formal or Informal; Begin on Time; End on Time: Punctuality Is a Virtue; Communicate Ground Rules: Avoid Chaos; Use the Best Processes: No One-Size-Fits-All; Stay on Track: Parking Lots, Jellyfish, and Perception Checks; Concluding the Meeting: Don’t End with a Whimper; After the Meeting: Clean-Up Time; Participating in Meetings; Be Prepared: Don’t Act Like a Potted Plant; WAIT: Avoid Stage Hogging; Be Attentive: Monitor Your Nonverbal Communication; Recognize Cultural Diversity: Is Silence Golden?; Increase Participation: Constructive Engagement; Virtual Meetings; Types of Virtual Meetings: Audio and Visual; Pros and Cons: A Mixed Bag; Facilitating a Virtual Meeting: New Challenges; Virtual Meeting Participation: A Few Unique Considerations; Questions for Critical Thinkers; TED Talks and YouTube Videos; Video Case Studies; Chapter 4: Group Development; Primary Dimensions of Groups; Task and Social Dimensions: Working and Relating; Building Cohesiveness: Bringing Us Together; Encourage Compatible Membership; Develop Shared Goals; Accomplish Tasks; Develop a Positive History of Cooperation; Increase Proximity; Nurture Virtual Group Social Relations; Periodic Phases of Group Development; Forming: Gathering Members; Reasons We Join Groups: Motivation; Member Diversity: The Benefits and Challenges of Difference; Storming: Feeling the Tension; Primary Tension: Initial Uneasiness; Secondary Tension: Later Stress and Strain; Norming: Regulating the Group; Types of Norms: Explicit and Implicit; Degree of Conformity: Strength of Group Pressure; Why We Conform: Fitting In; Conditions for Conformity: When We Bow to Group Pressure; Addressing Nonconformity: When Groups Get Tough; Performing: Group Output; Motivation to Perform: Social Loafing and Social Compensation; Self-Assessment: Social Loafing; When Groups Outperform Individuals: Three Heads Are Better than One; When Individuals Outperform Groups: No Group Magic; Questions for Critical Thinkers; TED Talks and YouTube Videos; Video Case Studies; Chapter 5: Developing the Group Climate; Positive versus Negative Climates; Negativity Bias: Short-Circuiting a Positive Climate; Positive Emphasis: The Magic Ratio; Competition and Cooperation; Definitions: Conceptual Clarity; Constructive Competition: Tempering Hypercompetitiveness; Cooperative Group Climates: Cultivating Positivity; Communication and Group Climate; Praise and Recognition: Basic Building Blocks; Defensive and Supportive Communication: Shaping Climates; Self-Assessment: Reactions to Defensive and Supportive Communication; Criticism versus Description; Control versus Problem Orientation; Manipulation versus Assertiveness; Indifference versus Empathy; Superiority versus Equality; Certainty versus Provisionalism; Incivility versus Civility; Listening: Enhancing Positivity; Shift Response versus Support Response: Focusing on Me or Thee?; Competitive Interrupting: Seizing the Floor; Ambushing: Preparing Rebuttals; Virtual Group Climate; Questions for Critical Thinkers; TED Talks and YouTube Videos; Video Case Studies; Chapter 6: Roles in Groups; Influence of Roles; Role Status: Playing by Hierarchical Rules; Role Conflict: Torn Between Two Roles; Role Reversal: When Students Become Teachers; Types of Roles; Task Roles: Focusing on Maximum Productivity; Maintenance Roles: Focusing on Cohesiveness; Disruptive Roles: Focusing on Self; Self-Assessment: Playing by the Roles; Role Emergence; Group Endorsement: Accepting a Bid?; Role Specialization: Settling into One’s Primary Role?; Role Adaptability; Role Flexibility: Adapting to Context; Role Fixation: Failure to Adapt; Newcomers and System Disturbance; Nature of the Group: The Challenge of Acceptance; Group Socialization: Mutual Adaptation to Change; Questions for Critical Thinkers; TED Talks and YouTube Videos; Video Case Studies; Chapter 7: Group Leadership; Definition of Leadership; Leadership and Followership: Let’s Dance; Leader and Manager: Different Types of Influence; Difference #1: Positional versus Interpersonal Influence; Difference #2: Maintaining versus Changing; Differences Not Categorically Exclusive: Matter of Emphasis; Leadership Emergence; How Not to Become a Leader: Communication Blunders; General Emergence Pattern: Process of Elimination; Two Phases of Emergence; Virtual Group Leader Emergence; Additional Factors: Implicit Theories of Leadership; Perspectives on Competent Leadership; Traits Perspective: The Born Leader View; Styles Perspective: One Style Doesn’t Fit All; Self-Assessment: What Is Your Leadership Style Preference?; Situational Perspective: Matching Styles with Circumstances; Distributive Leadership: Sharing Functions; Servant Leadership Perspective: Ethical Necessity; Culture and Leadership: Are There Universal Theories?; Communication Competence Perspective: The Overarching View; Virtual Group Leadership; Questions for Critical Thinkers; TED Talks and YouTube Videos; Video Case Studies; Chapter 8: Developing Effective Teams; Standard Groups versus Teams; Distinctions: The Fourmost Four; Level of Cooperation: The Working Together Imperative; Diversity of Skills: Looking for Complementarity; Group Identity: Operating as a Unit; Time and Resources: Commitment to the Team; Definition of a Team: A Special Kind of Group; Team Members; Team Slayers: Members’ Bad Attitudes and Bad Behavior; Egocentrism: Me-Deep in Omnipotence; Cynicism: Communicating a Can’t-Do Attitude; Communicating Abuse: Incompetent Behavior Kills Teams; Team Builders: Choosing and Developing Team Members; Experience and Problem-Solving Abilities: Core Competencies; Communication Training: Developing Members’ Competence; Developing Teamwork; Developing Team Goals: The Four Cs; Clear Goals: Everyone on the Same Page; Cooperative Goals: Interdependent Challenges; Challenging Goals: Denting the Universe; Commitment to Goals: A Passion to Succeed; Developing a Team Identity: Unifying Members; Symbolic Convergence: Communicating Fantasy Themes; Solidarity Symbols: Unifying Nonverbally; Team Talk: The Language of We; Designating Roles: Room for One Quarterback; Team Empowerment: Enhancing Members’ Capabilities; Definition of Empowerment: Four Dimensions; Hierarchical Organizations: The Enemy of Team Empowerment; Self-Managing Work Teams: The IDEO Model; Impediments to Team Empowerment: No Buy-In; Establishing Individual Accountability: Providing Feedback; Competent Team Leadership; Nurturing Empowerment: A Shared Responsibility; Requiring a Psychologically Safe Environment: Killing Fear and Ego; Virtual Teams; Questions for Critical Thinkers; TED Talks and YouTube Videos; Video Case Studies; Chapter 9: Defective Decision Making and Problem Solving; Information Overload; Scope of the Problem: The Information Avalanche; Consequences: The Downside of Information Overload; Critical Thinking Impairment: Separating Wheat from Chaff; Indecisiveness: Conclusion Irresolution; Inattention: Difficulty Concentrating; Diminished Creativity: Preoccupation with the Mundane; Coping with Information Overload: Wrestling the Beast; Ruthlessly Filter Information: Scan the Spam; Eat the Frog: Tackle the Unpleasant Tasks First; Shut Down Technology: Hitting the Off Switch?; Become Selective: On a Need-to-Know Basis; Limit the Search: When Enough Is Enough; Discern Patterns: Recognizing Irrelevant Information; Focus: Don’t Multitask; Information Underload; Mindsets: Critical Thinking Frozen Solid; Confirmation Bias: One-Sided Information Searches; The Problem: Poor Decisions and Solutions; Combating Confirmation Bias: A Plan; False Dichotomies: Either-Or Thinking; Collective Inferential Error: Uncritical Thinking; Prevalence of the Problem: It’s a Group Thing; Sources of Inferential Errors: Distortions and Correlations; Unrepresentativeness: Distorting the Facts; Self-Assessment: The Uncritical Inference Test; Correlation Inferred as Causation: Covariation; Error Correction: Practicing Critical Thinking; Group Polarization: Extremely Uncritical Thinking; Polarization: From Gambling to Guarded; Why Groups Polarize: Comparison and Persuasion; Combating Group Polarization: Necessary Steps; Groupthink: Critical Thinking in Suspended Animation; Conditions: Excessive Cohesiveness and Concurrence Seeking; Identification of Groupthink: Main Symptoms; Overestimation of the Group’s Power and Morality: Arrogance; Closed-Mindedness: Clinging to Assumptions; Pressures toward Uniformity: Presenting a United Front; Preventing Groupthink: Promoting Vigilance; Questions for Critical Thinkers; TED Talks and YouTube Videos; Video Case Studies; Chapter 10: Effective Decision Making and Problem Solving; Group Discussion Functions and Procedures; Phases and Functions: General Considerations; Multiple Sequence Model: Phases of Decision Making; Functional Perspective: Being Systematic; The Standard Agenda: Structuring Group Discussion; Problem Identification: What’s the Question?; Problem Analysis: Causes and Effects; Solution Criteria: Setting Standards; Solution Suggestions: Generating Alternatives; Solution Evaluation and Selection: Deciding by Criteria; Solution Implementation: Follow-Through; Decision-Making Rules: Majority, Minority, and Unanimity; Majority Rule: Tyrannical or Practical; Minority Rule: Several Types; Unanimity Rule: Consensus; Evaluating Information: Countering Truth Decay; Credibility: Is It Believable??; Currency: Is It Up to Date??; Relevance: Looking for Logical Connections; Representativeness: Reflecting the Facts; Sufficiency: When Enough Really Is Enough; Creative Problem Solving; General Overview: The Creative Process; Creative Techniques: Systematic Procedures; Idea Generation: Several Techniques; Framing/Reframing: It’s All in the Wording; Virtual Groups and Decision Making; Pace of Decision Making: Synchronous and Asynchronous Media; Virtual Creativity: Finding Your Comfort Zone; Questions for Critical Thinkers; TED Talks and YouTube Videos; Video Case Studies; Chapter 11: Power in Groups; The Nature of Power; Forms of Power: Dominance, Prevention, and Empowerment; Communication Indicators of Power; General Indicators: Defining, Following, and Inhibiting; Verbal Indicators: Language Choices; Nonverbal Indicators: Silent Exercise of Power; Status Cues: Virtual Groups; Power Resources: The Raw Materials of Influence; Information: Good and Plenty; Expertise: Information Plus Know-How; Legitimate Authority: You Will Obey; Rewards and Punishments: Pleasure and Pain; Personal Qualities: A Powerful Persona; Consequences of Power Imbalances; Bias Against Women and Ethnic Minorities: Leadership Gap; Bullying: Verbal and Nonverbal Aggression; Power Distance: Cultural Variation; General Description: Horizontal and Vertical Cultures; Communication Differences: With Whom May You Communicate?; Balancing Power: Prevention Strategies; Defiance: Digging in Your Heels; Resistance: Dragging Your Feet; Sluggish Effort: How Slow Can You Go?; Strategic Stupidity: Smart People Acting Dumb; Loss of Motor Function: Conscious Carelessness; The Misunderstanding Mirage: Confusion Illusion?; Selective Amnesia: Fake Forgetfulness; Tactical Tardiness: Late by Design; Purposeful Procrastination: Deliberate Delays; Balancing Power Positively: Enhancing Empowerment; Developing Assertiveness: Exhibiting Confidence and Skill; Alliances: Forming Coalitions; Increasing Personal Power Resources: Benefiting the Group; Questions for Critical Thinkers; TED Talks and YouTube Videos; Video Case Studies; Chapter 12: Conflict Management and Negotiation; Nature of Conflict; Definition: Incompatible, Interconnected Struggle; Benefits of Conflict: Dissent Can Be Productive; Destructive and Constructive Conflict: Differences; Communication Styles of Conflict Management; Collaborating: Problem Solving; Confrontation: Directly Addressing the Problem; Integration: Seeking Joint Gains; Smoothing: Calming Troubled Waters; Accommodating: Yielding; Compromising: Halving the Loaf; Avoiding: Withdrawing; Competing: Power-Forcing; Comparing Styles: Likelihood of Success; Situational Factors; Task Conflict: Routine and Nonroutine; Relationship Conflict: It’s Personal; Values Conflict: Deeply Felt Struggles; Culture and Conflict: Communication Differences; Negotiating Strategies; Positional Bargaining: Hard and Soft Negotiating; Principled Negotiation: Interest-Based Bargaining; The Four Principles: Appropriate Rules; Remaining Unconditionally Constructive: Sound Judgment?; The BATNA: Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement; Anger Management; Constructive and Destructive Anger: Intensity and Duration; Managing Your Own Anger: Taking Control; Managing the Anger of Others: Communication Jujitsu; Virtual Groups and Conflict; Questions for Critical Thinkers; TED Talks and YouTube Videos; Video Case Studies; Appendix A: Group Oral Presentations; Appendix B: Critical Thinking Revisited: Arguments and Fallacies; Glossary; References; Index $ In Mixed Company addresses group communication from a less formal communication perspective. It has appeal and relevance to majors outside of the field of Communication. - Samantha L. Gonzalez, Manchester Community College $ https://global.oup.com/academic/product/9780197602812 $ $ $ $ GTC; JFD; KJP $ Communication studies; Media studies; Business communication
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