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Preface; Preface to the First Edition; Contributors; Part I: The Basic Approach; Chapter 1 Where’s the Lesion?; I. Sample Localization Problems; II. The Game; III. The Rules; IV. The Play: The Long Version; V. The Play: The Abbreviated Version; VI. Rules for Speed Play; Chapter 2 The Neurologic Examination; I. More Localization Problems; II. General Comments on the Neurologic Examination; III. How to Do the Neurologic Examination; A. Mental Status Examination; B. Cranial Nerve Examination; C. Motor Examination; D. Re?ex Examination; E. Sensory Examination; IV. Additional Comments on Terminology and Examination Technique; A. Mental Status Examination; B. Cranial Nerve Examination; C. Motor Examination; D. Re?ex Examination; E. Sensory Examination; V. Interpretation of the Neurologic Examination; A. Mental Status Examination; B. Cranial Nerve Examination; C. Motor Examination; D. Re?ex Examination; E. Sensory Examination; VI. Modi?cations of the Neurologic Examination; A. Screening Neurologic Examination; B. Examination of Stuporous or Comatose Patients; VII. Discussion of Localization Problems; Chapter 3 What’s the Lesion?; James W. Albers and Douglas J. Gelb; I. Case History; II. Beyond Localization; A. Localization; B. Temporal Pro?le; C. Epidemiology; III. Etiology; A. Degenerative Diseases; B. Neoplastic Diseases; C. Vascular Diseases; D. In?ammatory Diseases; E. Toxic and Metabolic Diseases; F. Traumatic Diseases; G. Congenital and Developmental Diseases; IV. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 4 Stroke; I. Case Histories; II. Approach to Stroke; III. Background Information; A. De?nitions; B. Classi?cation of Strokes by Etiology; C. Pathophysiology; IV. Diagnosis; A. Clinical Features; B. Imaging; V. Management of Acute Stroke; A. Restoration of Blood Flow in Ischemic Stroke; B. Limitation of De?cits; C. Rehabilitation; VI. Primary Prevention; A. Hypertension; B. Smoking; C. Diabetes; D. Dyslipidemia; E. Mechanical Heart Valves; F. Atrial Fibrillation; G. Carotid Stenosis; H. Sickle Cell Disease; I. Other Factors; VII. Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke; A. Cardioembolic Disease; B. Carotid Stenosis; C. Anti-Platelet Medications; D. Statin Therapy; E. Risk Factor Modi?cation; F. Stroke Mechanisms Other Than Cardioembolism and Carotid Stenosis; G. Determining the Underlying Mechanism of Stroke; VIII. Secondary Prevention of Cerebral Hemorrhage; IX. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 5 Seizures; I. Case Histories; II. Approach to Seizures; III. Background Information; A. De?nitions; B. Clinical Characteristics of Seizures; C. Seizures vs. Epilepsy; D. Epilepsy Syndromes; E. Electroencephalography; F. Pathophysiology of Seizures and Epilepsy; IV. Diagnosis; A. Characterizing the Presenting Spell; B. Identifying Prior Spells; C. Recognizing Spells that are Not Seizures; V. Determining the Cause of Seizures; A. Provoked Seizures; B. Epilepsy; C. The Diagnostic Evaluation; VI. Management of Seizures and Epilepsy; A. Patients with Seizures but No Proven Epilepsy; B. Patients with Epilepsy; C. Patient Education (for Patients with Isolated Seizures or Epilepsy); D. Restrictions (for Patients with Isolated Seizures or Epilepsy); VII. Special Clinical Problems; A. Status Epilepticus; B. Seizures and Pregnancy; C. Refractory Seizures; VIII. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 6 Neuromuscular Disorders; Mark B. Bromberg and Douglas J. Gelb; I. Case Histories; II. Approach to Neuromuscular Diseases; III. Background Information; A. Functional Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System; B. Proximal-to-Distal Organization of the Peripheral Nervous System; C. Electrodiagnostic and Other Laboratory Studies; IV. Speci?c Neuromuscular Diseases; A. Motor Neuron Diseases; B. Nerve Root Disorders (Radiculopathies); C. Plexus Disorders (Plexopathies); D. Peripheral Nerve Disorders (Neuropathies); E. Neuromuscular Junction Disorders; F. Muscle Disorders (Myopathies); V. Symptomatic Treatment; A. Emergency Measures; B. Non-Urgent Measures: Motor Symptoms; C. Non-Urgent Measures: Sensory Symptoms; VI. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 7 Dementing Illnesses; I. Case Histories; II. Approach to Dementing Illnesses; A. Is It Abnormal?; B. Is It Dementia?; C. Is It Progressive?; D. Is There a Potentially Reversible Cause?; E. Which Diagnosis Is Most Likely?; III. Primary Dementing Illnesses; A. Alzheimer’s Disease; B. Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB); C. Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD); D. Vascular Dementia; E. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH); F. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD); G. Other Neurologic Diseases That Produce Dementia; IV. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 8 Movement Disorders; I. Case Histories; II. Approach to Movement Disorders; III. Background Information; A. Anatomic De?nitions; B. Clinical De?nitions; C. Classi?cation of Movement Disorders; IV. Speci?c Movement Disorders; A. Essential Tremor; B. Parkinson’s Disease; C. Other Parkinsonian Syndromes; D. Hereditary Ataxias; E. Huntington’s Disease; F. Tardive Dyskinesia; G. Dystonias; H. Wilson’s Disease; I. Gilles de la Tourette’s Syndrome; V. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 9 Sleep Disorders; I. Case Histories; II. Approach to Sleep Disorders; III. Background Information; A. De?nitions; B. Sleep Physiology; C. Diagnostic Tests; D. Classi?cation of Sleep Disorders; IV. Trouble Staying Awake; A. Insuf?cient Sleep; B. Sleep Apnea; C. Narcolepsy; D. Other Causes of Hypersomnolence; V. Trouble Sleeping; A. Sleep-Onset Delay; B. Early Morning Awakening; C. Sleep Fragmentation; D. Sleep State Misperception; VI. Abnormal Behavior During Sleep; A. Nonrapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep Parasomnias; B. Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Parasomnias; VII. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 10 Multifocal Central Nervous System Disorders; I. Case Histories; II. Approach to Multifocal Disorders; III. Focal Diseases with Multifocal Propagation; A. Metastatic Cancer; B. Central Nervous System Infections; IV. Inherently Multifocal Diseases; A. Multiple Sclerosis; B. Connective Tissue Diseases; C. Sarcoidosis; D. Coagulation Disorders; V. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 11 Acute Mental Status Changes; I. Case Histories; II. Background Information; A. De?nitions; B. Focal Mental Status Changes vs. Altered Level of Consciousness; C. Physiology of Normal and Altered Consciousness; III. Approach to Acute Changes in Level of Consciousness; A. ABCs: Airway, Breathing, Circulation; B. Oxygen, Glucose, Naloxone; C. Pupils, Doll’s Eyes, Motor Asymmetry; D. Other Electrolytes, Renal, Hepatic, Temperature Abnormalities; E. Everything Else; IV. Special Circumstances; A. Head Trauma; B. Increased Intracranial Pressure; C. Brain Death; V. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 12 Headache; I. Case Histories; II. Approach to Headache; III. Background Information; A. Primary vs. Secondary Headaches; B. Pathophysiology of Migraine; IV. Headache Emergencies: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Bacterial Meningitis; V. Other Secondary Headaches; A. Viral Meningitis or Encephalitis; B. Fungal or Tuberculous Meningitis; C. Mass Lesions; D. Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis; E. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH; Pseudotumor Cerebri); F. Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension; G. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis; H. Arterial Dissection; I. Systemic Conditions; J. Secondary Headache Syndromes with Diagnostic Ambiguity; VI. Primary Headaches; A. Migraine and Tension Headaches; B. Cluster Headaches; C. Trigeminal Neuralgia; D. Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia; E. Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania and Related Conditions; F. Atypical Facial Pain; VII. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 13 Visual Symptoms; I. Case Histories; II. Background Information; A. De?nitions; B. Overview of the Visual System; III. Approach to Visual Symptoms; IV. Monocular Vision Loss; A. Acute or Subacute Monocular Vision Loss in Young Patients; B. Acute, Subacute, or Chronic Monocular Vision Loss in Older Patients; V. Transient Vision Loss (Monocular or Binocular); VI. Persistent Binocular Vision Loss; VII. Diplopia; A. Localization; B. Differential Diagnosis and Management; VIII. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 14 Dizziness and Disequilibrium; I. Case Histories; II. Approach to Dizziness; III. Localization; IV. Differential Diagnosis; V. Disequilibrium; VI. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 15 Back Pain and Neck Pain; I. Case Histories; II. Approach to Back or Neck Pain; A. Emergency Situations; B. Non-urgent Indications for Surgery; III. Speci?c Conditions Causing Back or Neck Pain; A. Musculoskeletal Pain; B. Disc Herniation; C. Spinal Stenosis; IV. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 16 Incontinence; I. Case Histories; II. Background Information; III. Approach to Incontinence; A. Neurologic vs. Urologic Causes of Incontinence; B. Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System Causes of Incontinence; IV. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 17 Pediatric Neurology; I. Case Histories; II. Developmental Considerations; III. Hypotonic Infants; IV. Developmental Delay and Developmental Regression; V. Paroxysmal Symptoms; A. Headaches; B. Seizures; C. Breath-Holding Spells; D. Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo; VI. Gait Disturbance; A. Spasticity; B. Weakness; C. Ataxia; VII. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 18 Geriatric Neurology; I. Case Histories; II. Geriatric Issues; III. The Neurologic Examination in Normal Aging; A. Mental Status; B. Cranial Nerves; C. Motor System; D. Re?exes; E. Sensation; IV. Common Neurologic Symptoms in the Elderly; A. Dizziness; B. Gait Disturbance; C. Incontinence; D. Dementia; E. Pain; V. Discussion of Case Histories; Chapter 19 Practice Cases; I. Case Histories; II. Answers

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