图书简介
In many developing countries, water demand is increasing while surface- and groundwater resources are threatened by pollution and overexploitation. Hence, a more sustainable approach to water resources management and water treatment is required. In this capacity, bank filtration is a natural treatment process that makes use of the storage and contaminant attenuation capacity of natural soil/rock. However, BF is site-specific and a significant knowledge gap exists regarding the design and management of bank filtration systems, particularly in developing countries. This research aimed to address these gaps and contribute to the transfer of bank filtration to developing countries. This study comprised both column and batch laboratory-scale experiments to determine the effect of environmental variables such as temperature, raw water organic composition and redox conditions on the removal of chemical pollutants such as organic matter, micro-pollutants and heavy metals as well as the mobility of iron, manganese and arsenic under anaerobic conditions. Ultimately, the effectiveness of BF for supplying high drinking water quality was assessed in a case study in Egypt. The study showed that more than 80% of biodegradable organic matter was removed during infiltration at temperatures between 20 and 30 °C. However, humic compounds enriched during BF, required post-treatment. Moreover, high humic content of infiltrating water reduced the removal of heavy metal and promoted the release of metal (loids) into the infiltrating water, rendering it more feasible to install BF wells within surface water systems with low levels of organic matter. Moderately-hydrophobic organic micropollutants were most persistent and required infiltration times longer than 30 days for complete elimination even at high temperatures (>20 °C). Finally, design parameters such as the number of infiltration wells should be configured to minimise the proportion of polluted groundwater in the pumped water
1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Bank filtration 1.3 Experience of bank filtration 1.4 Bank filtrate quality 1.5 Impacts of climate on bank filtration 1.6 Relevance of the research 1.7 Research Objectives 1.8 Outline of the thesis 2 Removal of dissolved organic matter during bank filtration Abstract 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Materials and Methods 2.3 Results 2.4 Discussion 2.5 Conclusions 3 Removal of organics micro-pollutants during bank filtration Abstract 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Materials and Methods 3.3 Results and Discussion 3.4 Conclusions 3.5 Supplementary documents 4 Removal of metals during bank filtration Abstract 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Materials and methods 4.3 Results 4.4 Discussion 4.5 Conclusions 4.6 Supplemetary documents 5 Reduction of iron, manganese and arsenic during bank filtration Abstract 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Research Methodology 5.3 Results 5.4 Discussion 5.5 Conclusions 5.6 Supplementary documents 6 Analysis of the performance of Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Arid Climates: case study in Egypt Abstract 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Study area 6.3 Research Methods 6.4 Results and discussion 6.5 Conclusions 6.6 Supplementary documents 7 Conclusions and future perspectives 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Fate of organic matter during the bank filtration process 7.3 Removal of organic micropollutants during bank filtration 7.4 Removal of heavy metals during bank filtration 7.5 Mobilisation of iron, manganese and arsenic during bank filtration 7.6 Analysis of the performance of bank filtration in arid climates 7.7 Practical implications and further research
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