图书简介

Preface \\ Acknowledgments \\ About the Author \\ Chapter 1. An Introduction to Learning \\ The Gift of Knowledge \\ A Definition of Learning \\ Functionalism \\ Behaviorism \\ Thorndike \\ Pavlov \\ Watson \\ The Ethics of Conducting Research \\ Critical Thinking Questions \\ Key Terms \\ Chapter 2. The Modification of Instinctive Behavior \\ If Only This Time \\ The Instinctive Basis of Behavior \\ Habituation and Sensitization \\ Dishabituation \\ Learning in the Aplysia Californica \\ Opponent-Process Theory \\ The Addictive Process \\ Critical Thinking Questions \\ Key Terms \\ Chapter 3. Principles and Applications of Pavlovian Conditioning \\ A Lingering Fear \\ Principles of Pavlovian Conditioning \\ Temporal Relationships Between the Conditioned Stimulus and the Unconditioned Stimulus \\ Conditions Affecting the Acquisition of a Conditioned Response \\ Extinction of the Conditioned Response \\ Other Inhibitory Processes \\ A Conditioned Response Without Conditioned Stimulus– Unconditioned Stimulus Pairings \\ Applications of Pavlovian Conditioning \\ Critical Thinking Questions \\ Key Terms \\ Chapter 4. Theories of Pavlovian Conditioning \\ He Never Saw It Coming \\ The Nature of the Conditioned Response \\ Stimulus-Substitution Theory \\ The Conditioning of an Opponent Response \\ Sometimes-Opponent-Process Theory \\ The Nature of the Pavlovian Conditioning Process \\ Rescorla–Wagner Associative Model \\ The Unconditioned Stimulus Preexposure Effect \\ The Potentiation of a Conditioned Response \\ The Conditioned Stimulus Preexposure Effect \\ The Cue Deflation Effect \\ The Importance of Within-Compound Associations \\ A Comparator Theory of Pavlovian Conditioning \\ Mackintosh’s Attentional View \\ The Retrospective Processing View \\ Critical Thinking Questions \\ Key Terms \\ Chapter 5. Principles and Applications of Appetitive Conditioning \\ A Loss of Control \\ The Legacy of B. F. Skinner \\ Instrumental and Operant Conditioning \\ Types of Reinforcement \\ Shaping \\ Schedules of Reinforcement \\ How Readily Is an Instrumental or Operant Response Learned? \\ Extinction of an Instrumental or Operant Response \\ Partial Reinforcement and Resistance to Extinction \\ Contingency Management \\ Critical Thinking Questions \\ Key Terms \\ Chapter 6. Principles and Applications of Aversive Conditioning \\ A Good Spanking \\ Principles of Aversive Conditioning \\ Escape Conditioning \\ Vicious Circle Behavior \\ The Avoidance of Aversive Events \\ Punishment \\ Types of Punishment \\ The Effectiveness of Punishment \\ The Negative Consequences of Punishment \\ Applications of Aversive Conditioning \\ The Ethical Use of Punishment \\ Critical Thinking Questions \\ Key Terms \\ Chapter 7. Theories of Appetitive and Aversive Conditioning \\ A Lack of Self-Control \\ The Nature of Reinforcement \\ Probability-Differential Theory \\ Application: The Use of Activity Reinforcement \\ Response Deprivation Theory \\ Principles of Behavioral Economics \\ The Pain of Failure \\ The Nature of Avoidance Learning \\ The Nature of Punishment \\ Critical Thinking Questions \\ Key Terms \\ Chapter 8. Biological Influences on Learning \\ A Nauseating Experience \\ Generality of the Laws of Learning \\ A Behavior Systems Approach \\ Animal Misbehavior \\ Schedule-Induced Behavior \\ Flavor Aversion Learning \\ Flavor Preference Learning \\ Imprinting \\ The Avoidance of Aversive Events \\ The Biology of Reinforcement \\ Critical Thinking Questions \\ Key Terms \\ Chapter 9. Traditional Learning Theories \\ The Oldies But Goodies \\ Traditional Learning Theories \\ Hull’s Associative Theory \\ An Evaluation of Associative Theory \\ Spence’s Acquired Motive Approach \\ Guthrie’s Contiguity View \\ An Evaluation of Contiguity Theory \\ Tolman’s Purposive Behaviorism \\ An Evaluation of Purposive Behaviorism \\ Critical Thinking Questions \\ Key Terms \\ Chapter 10. Stimulus Control of Behavior \\ A Disappointing Review \\ The Stimulus Generalization Process \\ Discrimination Learning \\ Behavioral Contrast \\ Occasion Setting \\ Hull–Spence Theory of Discrimination Learning \\ Errorless Discrimination Training \\ The Transposition Effect \\ Sutherland and Mackintosh’s Attentional View \\ Continuity Versus Noncontinuity \\ Critical Thinking Questions \\ Key Terms \\ Chapter 11. Cognitive Control of Behavior \\ The Insurmountable Barrier \\ Tolman’s Purposive Behaviorism \\ A Mental Representation of Events \\ The Importance of Habits \\ Learned Helplessness \\ Hopelessness Theory of Depression \\ The Neuroscience of Learned Helplessness \\ A Cognitive View of Phobic Behavior \\ Concept Learning \\ Critical Thinking Questions \\ Key Terms \\ Chapter 12. The Storage of Our Experiences \\ A Fleeting Experience \\ Measures of Memory \\ A Three-Stage View of Memory Storage \\ Sensory Register \\ Short-Term Store \\ A Rehearsal Systems Approach \\ Long-Term Store \\ The Neuroscience of Memory Storage \\ Critical Thinking Questions \\ Key Terms \\ Chapter 13. Memory Retrieval and Forgetting \\ A Look Into the Past \\ Memory Retrieval \\ How Quickly We Forget \\ Interference \\ Reconstruction of the Past \\ False Memory Syndrome \\ Motivated Forgetting \\ The Neuroscience of Memory Retrieval \\ Application: Mnemonics \\ Critical Thinking Questions \\ Key Terms \\ Glossary \\ References \\ Author Index \\ Subject Index

Trade Policy 买家须知