图书简介
Writing by Choice is a comprehensive, widely applicable approach to developing writing skills for the academic, business, and personal realms.
Readings; From the Publisher; Preface; Part I Rhetoric with Integrated Reader; 1 Foundations: Reading and Thinking; A Proactive Approach; Three-Way Reading; - Three-Way Reading and Academic Writing; Types of Selective Reading; - Matching Reading Type and Purpose; Responding Critically and Analytically through Questions; - Before Reading; - First Reading; - Second Reading; Focused Reading and Comprehension; - Word Meanings; Critical Thinking; - What Is Critical Thinking?; - Applying Critical Thinking; - Breaking Down Critical Thinking; Sample Professional Essay; Chapter Summary; 2 The Writing Situation; Writing Purpose; Writing to an Audience; - Audience Factors; Writing: The Composing Process; - The Traditional Linear Model; Stages in Essay Writing; - Pre-writing; - Research; - Organization; - Composing: First Draft; - Revising: Final Draft; Rhetorical Modes of Discourse; Expository versus Argumentative Essays; Narration and Description; Chapter Summary; 3 Essay and Paragraph Essentials; The Essay: An Analytical Model; - Kinds of Claims; - Support: Evidence and Credibility; Essay and Paragraph Structure; - Topic Sentence; - Paragraph Wrap as Conclusion; - Connecting Paragraphs by Using a Transition; Paragraph Fundamentals; - Unity; - Coherence; Specialized Paragraphs: Introduction and Conclusion; - The Introduction; - The Conclusion; Developing Your Essay through Substantial Paragraphs; - Rhetorical Patters; Essays Using a Primary Pattern; - Primary versus Secondary Patterns; Chapter Summary; 4 Responding to Texts: Summaries and Analyses; Summaries, Analysis, and Research Papers; Summary: The Precis; - The Value of a Summary; - Pointers for Precis Writing; - Precis Planning; The Critical Analysis; - Reading and Other Planning Strategies; - Writing Strategies; - Sample Essay for Critical Analysis; Chapter Summary; 5 The Argumentative Essay; Everyday Arguments; - Rhetoric and Argument; - Aristotle and Argument; Argumentative Purpose; 1. Defending Your Point of View; 2. Seeking a Change; 3. Promoting a Consensus; 4. Drawing Attention to a Problem/Raising Awareness; 5. Reaching a Common Understanding; 6. Interpreting a Text; - Combining Argumentative Purposes; Arguable Claims; - Opinion, Facts, and Argument; - Specific, Interesting, and Manageable Claims; - Specific Claim; - Interesting Claim; - Manageable Claim; - Kinds of Evidence; - Working Your Claim: The Rational Basis of Argument; - Inductive Reasoning; - Deductive Reasoning; - Solidifying the Claim through the Warrant; Strategies for Argument and Rebuttal; - Strategies for Arguments; - Strategies for Rebuttal; Categories of Faulty Reasoning; - Logical, Emotional, and Ethical Fallacies; - Slanted Language; Organizing an Outline for Argument; - Rhetorical Function of Parts; Sample Argumentative Essays; 1. Sample Student Argumentative Essay-MLA Style; 2. Sample Student Argumentative Essay-APA Style; 3. Sample Professional Essay; Chapter Summary; 6 The Literary Essay; General Features of Literary Essays; - Kinds of Literary Essays; - Text-Centred and Context-Centred Approaches; On the Road to the Rough Draft; - Method for Developing an Outline or Draft; - Two Tips for Analyzing Literature; - Theory into Practice: A Sample Poetry Analysis; The Literary Genres: Poetry, the Short Story, the Novel, and Drama; - How to Approach a Poem; - Fictional Forms; - How to Approach Drama; The Literary Research Essay; - Primary and Secondary Sources; - Drafting and Revising the Literary Essay; - Sample Student Literary Research Essay-MLA Style; Chapter Summary; Part II Research Guide; 7 Writing a Research Essay; Exposition, Synthesis, and Research; Stages in the Research Process; - Research: Finding and Exploring; - Synthesis (I): Assimilation; - Organization: Arranging; - Synthesis (II): Composing; - Documenting: Following Procedures; What Is Research?; - Reliability of Sources; - Finding a Research Question; - Researching Your Topic; - The Research Proposal; - A Simple Proposal: Purpose and Methodology; - Sample Research Proposal; Research Note-Taking; - Organizing Research Notes; - Some Useful Research Strategies; The Search Is On: Locating and Using Sources; - Primary and Secondary Sources; - Online Searches; - The Value of Library Research; - Alternative Information Sources; Using Sources in the Composing Stage; - Summary; - Paraphrase; - The Annotated Bibliography; - Source Citation and Plagiarism; - Methods of Integrating Sources; Outline for a Research Essay; - Sample Student Essay; - The Scholarly Essay; Chapter Summary; 8 Documentation Styles; Why Document Your Sources?; - Choosing Your Documentation Style; The Major Documentation Styles: MLA and APA; - MLA Documentation Style; - APA Documentation Style; - CMS Documentation (Notes) Style; Chapter Summary; Part III Handbook; 9 Achieving Clarity and Depth in Your Writing; Effective Style: Clarity; - Cutting for Concision; - Writing Directly; - Working toward Precision: Wise Word Choices; - Revising for Concision, Directness, and Diction: A Sample Student Draft; Providing Depth: Variety and Emphasis; - Sentence Variety; - Sample Essay for Rhetorical Analysis; Chapter Summary; 10 Sentence Essentials; Grammatical Groundwork; Introducing . . . the Parts of Speech; - The Parts of Speech at Work; Introducing . . . the Sentence; - What Is a Sentence?; - The Invisible-Subject Sentence; - Two Types of Sentence Fragments; Introducing . . . Phrases and Clauses; - Phrases; - Clauses; - Sentence Types; - Errors of Combining; Chapter Summary; 11 Punctuation and Apostrophes; Commas: Do They Really Matter?; - Rule Category 1: Items in a Series; - Rule Category 2: Independent Clauses; - Rule Category 3: Parenthetical Information; - Rule Category 4: Conventional and Comma Sense Uses; Other Forms of Punctuation; - Semicolon; - Colon; - Dashes and Parentheses; The Apostrophe; 1. Apostrophe for Possessive Case; 2. Apostrophe to Show Contraction; Chapter Summary; 12 Agreement, Pronouns, Modifiers, and Parallelism; Agreement; - Subject-Verb Agreement; - Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement; - Problematic Pronouns: Inclusive Language; Pronoun Reference; Pronoun Case; - Personal Pronoun; - Relative Pronoun; - Interrogative Pronoun; - Pronoun Consistency; Sentence Construction Errors; - Misplaced Modifiers; - Dangling Modifiers; - The Parallelism Principle; Chapter Summary; Appendix A Proofreading: Perfection is Possible; Proofreading Methods; Guidelines for Proofreading; - Common Errors; Essay Presentation; Appendix B The In-Class Essay or Examination Essay; Recall; Organization and Time Management; Adaptability; Appendix C A Checklist for EAL Writers; Adjectives; - Adjectives as Participles; - Adjectives and Present Participles versus Past Participles; - Comparatives and Superlatives; - Plural Nouns as Adjectival Phrases Concerning Distance, Money, and Time; - Relative (Adjectival) Clauses; Adverbs; - Adverbs with Adjectives; - Comparative and Superlative of Adverbs; Articles - A, An, and The; - The Indefinite Article; - The Definite Article; Nouns; - Every + Noun; - Gerunds; - Kind(s) of/Type(s) of + noun; - Uncountable and Countable Nouns; - Prepositions; Verbs; - Verbs as Modal Auxiliaries; - Similar Verbs and Nouns; - Verbs and Prepositions; - Verbs and Their Subjects (subject-verb agreement); - Verb Tenses; Appendix D Peer Edit Forms; Peer Edit Form: Formal Outline; - Instructions; - Introduction; - Body Paragraphs; - Conclusion; - Final comments or suggestions?; Peer Edit Form: Research Essay First Draft; - Instructions; - Introduction; - Body Paragraphs; - Conclusion; - Other Criteria; - Final comments or suggestions?; Peer Edit Form: Argumentative Essay First Draft; - Instructions; - Introduction; - Body Paragraphs; - Conclusion; - Other Criteria; - Final comments or suggestions?; Peer Edit Form: Literary Essay First Draft; - Instructions; - Introduction; - Body Paragraphs; - Conclusions; - Other Criteria; - Final comments or suggestions?; Index; Credits
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